God, Force Majeure, and the Secular State: A Jurisprudential Inquiry into Divine Language, Higher Authority, and the Evolution of Legal Doctrine
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There is no verified evidence that Pablo Picasso ever said, “Good artists copy, great artists steal.” In fact, this is one of the most famous misattributed quotes in modern culture.
The quote became strongly linked to Picasso largely through repetition—especially after Steve Jobs publicly attributed it to him. But historians and quote researchers have found no primary source, interview, letter, memoir, or documented speech where Picasso actually said those exact words.
The most famous public attribution came from Steve Jobs.
In the 1990s—particularly in the 1996 documentary Triumph of the Nerds—Jobs said:
> “Picasso had a saying, ‘Good artists copy, great artists steal.’ And we have always been shameless about stealing great ideas.”
That moment helped cement the phrase in public memory as a Picasso quote.
Some later sources also reference Jobs making similar remarks in earlier interviews during the late 1980s and 1990s, which amplified the attribution even further.
But the deeper history is more interesting, because the idea existed long before Jobs—and probably before Picasso.
Here is the intellectual lineage.
1. W. H. Davenport Adams (1892) — earliest related formulation
One of the earliest known expressions appears in 1892 in The Gentleman’s Magazine by W. H. Davenport Adams:
> “Great poets imitate and improve, whereas small ones steal and spoil.”
2. T. S. Eliot (1920)
This is arguably the most important ancestor of the quote.
In The Sacred Wood (1920), Eliot wrote:
> “Immature poets imitate; mature poets steal.”
He continued:
> “Bad poets deface what they take, and good poets make it into something better, or at least something different.”
This is often considered the philosophical source behind later versions. Eliot was not advocating plagiarism. He meant that mature creators absorb influences so thoroughly that the result becomes transformed and original.
This distinction matters.
For Eliot:
3. Igor Stravinsky (often cited, wording disputed)
Composer Igor Stravinsky is frequently credited with:
> “Lesser artists borrow; great artists steal.”
4. William Faulkner
Faulkner is often linked to another related formulation:
> “Immature artists copy; great artists steal.”
or
> “The immature artist imitates. The mature artist steals.”
So where does Picasso fit?
Possibly nowhere.
Quote investigators and art historians generally conclude:
no verified Picasso source exists
Jobs popularized the Picasso attribution
the idea predates Picasso
Eliot and earlier literary traditions likely shaped the modern saying
This makes the irony almost poetic:
Eliot elaboration:
> “Bad poets deface what they take, and good poets make it into something better, or at least something different.”
Igor Stravinsky:
> “Lesser artists borrow; great artists steal.”
William Faulkner:
> “Immature artists copy; great artists steal.”
(commonly attributed variant)
Oscar Wilde:
> “Talent borrows; genius steals.”
This predates many modern formulations and is another strong ancestor of the idea.
Lionel Trilling, discussing Eliot:
> “Immature poets imitate; mature poets steal.”
He helped circulate Eliot’s wording in literary criticism.
Jean-Luc Godard:
> “It’s not where you take things from—it’s where you take them to.”
This may be the clearest modern artistic interpretation of the same philosophy.
Jim Jarmusch:
> “Nothing is original. Steal from anywhere that resonates with inspiration or fuels your imagination.”
And perhaps the most brutally honest related observation:
> “If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.” — Isaac Newton
Different tone, same principle.
Not theft as plagiarism.
Inheritance as creation.
Picasso never verifiably said “Good artists copy, great artists steal.” No confirmed time or place exists. The attribution appears to have been popularized—if not effectively created in the public imagination—by Steve Jobs . @TsKhloecox
I Feel This Is A Fraudulent Organization Misrepresenting And False Advertising, They "Say" 35+ Colleges and Universities But list NONE of them. United States (Tribal Nations): AIHEC (American Indian Higher Education Consortium) – aihec.org Scope: While AIHEC is the unifying consortium for the 35+ sovereign Tribal Colleges and Universities (TCUs) in North America, actual formal accreditation for these institutions is strictly maintained through mainstream US regional accreditors (primarily the HLC and NWCCU) to ensure federal funding and universal transferability.
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1. Global Indigenous & First Nations Accreditation
Indigenous higher education often operates with epistemologies and methodologies distinct from Western academic traditions. In recent decades, sovereign indigenous groups have established their own recognized accreditation bodies to ensure educational sovereignty.
Global / Transnational: WINHEC (World Indigenous Nations Higher Education Consortium) – winhec.org
Scope: The premier international accrediting authority for Indigenous institutions. WINHEC provides accreditation that affirms and validates Indigenous frameworks, languages, and cultural knowledge systems globally.
Canada (Ontario): IAESC (Indigenous Advanced Education and Skills Council) – iaesc.ca
Scope: An independent, Indigenous-controlled quality assurance body in Canada. Under the Indigenous Institutes Act, it is legally recognized to authorize Indigenous Institutes in Ontario to grant certificates, diplomas, and degrees.
New Zealand (Māori): Te Hono o Te Kahurangi via NZQA – nzqa.govt.nz
Scope: A specialized quality assurance framework within the New Zealand Qualifications Authority that evaluates educational programs exclusively through the lens of Māori philosophical principles and worldview.
United States (Tribal Nations): AIHEC (American Indian Higher Education Consortium) – aihec.org
Scope: While AIHEC is the unifying consortium for the 35+ sovereign Tribal Colleges and Universities (TCUs) in North America, actual formal accreditation for these institutions is strictly maintained through mainstream US regional accreditors (primarily the HLC and NWCCU) to ensure federal funding and universal transferability.
2. Micro-states & Sovereign City-States
Because micro-states often have only one or two higher education institutions, they rarely have massive, independent accreditation councils. They typically rely on a specific government department or an agency from a larger neighboring nation.
Vatican City (Holy See): AVEPRO (Agency for the Evaluation and Promotion of Quality in Ecclesiastical Universities and Faculties) – avepro.va
Scope: The institution created by the Pope to promote and evaluate quality inside ecclesiastical academic institutions worldwide, aligning Vatican education with the European Bologna Process.
Andorra: AQUA (Agència de Qualitat de l'Ensenyament Superior d'Andorra) – aqua.ad
Scope: The official public agency for quality assurance of higher education in the Principality of Andorra.
Liechtenstein: Handled by the Office of Education (Schulamt) and cross-border partnerships. Institutions like the University of Liechtenstein are often externally accredited by Swiss (AAQ) or German (FIBAA) agencies to ensure European recognition.
Monaco: Evaluated directly by the Department of Education, Youth and Sport (Direction de l'Éducation Nationale). Degrees are heavily aligned with the French higher education system.
San Marino: Governed directly by the Secretariat of State for Education and Culture, with academic alignment strictly tied to the Italian higher education system to ensure degree validity across borders.
3. Partially Recognized Sovereign Nations & Autonomous Territories
Nations with disputed or partially recognized sovereignty often establish their own accreditation bodies to legitimize their educational systems internationally, even if political recognition is complex.
Taiwan (Republic of China): HEEACT (Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of Taiwan) – heeact.edu.tw
Scope: Fully autonomous, internationally recognized agency ensuring quality for Taiwanese universities.
Kosovo: KAA (Kosovo Accreditation Agency) – akreditimi.rks-gov.net
Scope: The independent state agency responsible for assessing and promoting the quality of higher education in the Republic of Kosovo.
Northern Cyprus: YÖDAK (Higher Education Planning, Evaluation, Accreditation and Coordination Council) – yodak.gov.ct.tr
Scope: Regulates and accredits universities in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Because of international embargoes, YÖDAK works closely with Turkey’s YÖK to ensure degrees are recognized abroad.
Somaliland: NCHE (National Commission for Higher Education)
Scope: The regulatory body tasked by the Somaliland government to register, evaluate, and accredit institutions operating within the territory.
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